The Trump Administration has unveiled its long-awaited guidelines governing how federal agencies should develop and use artificial intelligence (AI) technologies.
On January 7, the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) issued a draft memorandum with a set of 10 “Principles for the Stewardship of AI Applications,” calling for fairness and non-discrimination, transparency, flexibility, public trust and participation, sound science, and safety and security to be top priorities as agencies draft and implement regulations on AI.
Minimizing the regulatory burden is another major theme running through the draft Guidance for Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Application from Russell Vought, Acting Director of the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB).
“Federal agencies must avoid regulatory or non-regulatory actions that needlessly hamper AI innovation and growth,” warns Vought’s memorandum for the Heads of Executive Department and Agencies. The memorandum states that “agencies should assess the effect of the potential regulation on AI innovation and growth” and cautions against “a precautionary approach that holds AI systems to such an impossibly high standard that society cannot enjoy their benefits.” Agencies at the national level are also urged to employ risk assessment and cost-benefits analyses prior to any regulatory action, while taking into consideration the impact of state and local laws.
Most notably, the guidance encourages agencies to use other approaches to address risks posed by AI applications, rather than taking regulatory action. As an alternative to regulatory action, the OBM memorandum encourages agencies to allow pilot programs and experiments and calls upon agencies to “grant waivers and exemptions from regulations, or to allow pilot programs that provide safe harbors for specific AI applications.” The guidance also encourages sector-specific policy guidance or frameworks “as a means of encouraging AI innovation in that sector … [and] provide clarity where a lack of regulatory clarity may impede innovation.” Lastly, the guidance encourages agencies to give preference to voluntary consensus standards and independent standards-setting organizations when managing risks associated with AI applications. Specifically, the guidance states that agencies “should consider relying on private-sector conformity assessment programs and activities, before proposing either regulations or compliance programs.”
In a January 6 call with journalists, Michael Kratsios, Chief Technology Officer of the United States, called the new initiative the “first of its kind” − the first “binding document” for how government agencies will regulate the emerging AI technology with all its attendant benefits, opportunities and risks.
The European Commission is expected to announce its AI regulatory plan in the coming months, and Kratsios said the Administration hopes the European proposal will be consistent with the new US policy framework.
Briefly, the 10 OSTP principles for AI call for:
Public trust in AI
Public participation
Scientific integrity and information quality
Risk assessment and management
Benefits and costs
Flexibility
Fairness and non-discrimination
Disclosure and transparency
Safety and security
Interagency coordination
The newly announced principles follow the Executive Order on Maintaining American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence signed in February 2019 by President Trump, which directed OSTP and OMB to issue these regulatory principles.
Upon OMB’s issuance of the memorandum, federal agencies will have 180 days to review their authorities relevant to AI applications and submit plans to OMB on achieving consistency with the Memorandum. Agencies will also be expected to list and describe any planned or considered regulatory actions on AI within the same 180-day period.
While these guidelines serve as an indication of the current Administration’s approach to regulating AI, members of Congress remain critical players in establishing regulatory guardrails. As the development of AI technology becomes increasingly scrutinized, industry leaders should expect more Congressional interest in various applications of AI technology, such as facial recognition, through legislation and congressional hearings in 2020.
Learn more about this development by contacting either Tony Samp and Steven R. Phillip.